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Overview
Sharpen your knowledge of economics and finance, and gain a deep insight into the financial services sector as you learn to interpret trends, identify market risks and assess public policy.
If you have some knowledge of statistics or quantitative methods our Master's in Economics, Finance and Banking will help you to open doors to ambitious roles in the finance, banking, business and public sectors.
Rather than specialising in just one area, we'll make sure you gain an in depth overview of economics, finance and banking, and you'll graduate with a diverse and transferrable skill set.
You'll combine theory, research and data analysis to learn how to respond to real-world economic issues. You’ll develop the specialist knowledge, professional skills and forecasting techniques that'll make you a real asset to the financial services and banking sectors.
Course highlights
- Use our industry-standard Bloomberg terminals and software to access data from the world's global financial markets
- Earn your Bloomberg Market Concepts training certificate
- Combine theory, research and data analysis to respond to real-world economic issues
- Evaluate economic theories, principles and strategy, learn how to interpret trends and identify market risks, assess public policy arguments, and develop financial forecasting techniques
- Complete an independent research project, based on economic research in a topic of your choice
- Learn from teaching staff with rich research experience and strong industry knowledge
Accredited by:
The University of Portsmouth has earned business accreditation from the AACSB in recognition of the outstanding quality of its business and management education. Less than six percent of the world's schools offering business degree programs hold AACSB business accreditation.
When you graduate from this course, you'll also be awarded the Bloomberg Market Concepts training. This demonstrates you know your way around the Bloomberg Suite – the technology used to access the same data, analytics and software used by city traders.
Contact information
Contact AdmissionsEntry requirements
Eligibility
This course accepts UK, EU, and International students.
September 2025 start
- A second-class honours degree in a relevant or related subject, which includes some element of statistics or quantitative methods, or equivalent professional experience and/or qualifications.
Please get in touch if you're not sure if your undergraduate subject is relevant to this degree.
Equivalent professional experience and/or qualifications will also be considered, such as previous study, employment, voluntary work and training courses, including courses and qualifications you didn't complete. Learn more about our Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL).
If you're applying as an international student with a non-UK degree, you’ll need to show you meet the UK entry requirements listed above.
To find out if your non-UK degree or other qualification is accepted, please visit our page for your country and view the UK equivalent of your qualification.
- English language proficiency at a minimum of IELTS band 6.5 (or equivalent) with no component score below 6.
You do not need an IELTS or equivalent certification if:
- you have a UK degree
- you have a degree from a majority English speaking country (not taught by Distance Learning)
- you are a national of a majority English speaking country
Degrees taught solely in English from non-majority English speaking countries will be considered on a case by case basis. Find out more about our English language requirements.
If you do not meet the English language requirements yet, you can achieve the level you need by successfully completing a pre-sessional English programme before you start your course.
Course costs and funding
Tuition fees (September 2025 start)
- Full time: £12,600
- Part time: £4,200 in year 1 and £8,400 in year 2
(including Transition Scholarship)
- Full time: £12,600
- Part time: £4,200 in year 1 and £8,400 in year 2
- Full time: £19,200
- Part time: £6,400 in year 1 and £12,800 in year 2
University of Portsmouth graduates may receive a 20% alumni tuition fee discount.
Fees are subject to annual increase. Read our tuition fees terms and conditions.
You'll be able to pay your fees in instalments. Find out how to pay your tuition fees.
Funding your studies
Explore how to fund your studies, including available scholarships and bursaries.
If you're a UK student, you may be eligible for a Government Postgraduate Master's Loan, which you can use to help with course fees and living costs.
Loans, scholarships and bursaries
Browse funding such as the Government Postgraduate Loan, our scholarships for new and returning students, and subject specific loans.
Funding for international students
Learn more about sponsorships, scholarships and loans for students applying from outside of the UK.
Fees and funding for Master's courses
Explore Master's funding options, including loans, scholarships, bursaries and more.
Additional course costs
Our accommodation section shows your accommodation options and highlights how much it costs to live in Portsmouth.
You’ll study up to 6 modules a year. You may have to read several recommended books or textbooks for each module.
You can borrow most of these from the Library. If you buy these, they may cost up to £60 each.
We recommend that you budget £75 a year for photocopying, memory sticks, DVDs and CDs, printing charges, binding and specialist printing.
If your final year includes a major project, there could be cost for transport or accommodation related to your research activities. The amount will depend on the project you choose.
Modules
Full-time
Core modules
Students are introduced to key concepts and issues in conceptualising, designing, conducting and communicating research in the general fields of accounting, economics and finance and their sub-fields like financial technology, digital economy etc., informed by best practices across the subject disciplines. The module provides opportunities for students to engage with the practical application of research techniques and the chance to discuss research issues and ideas in an incubator type environment. The teaching sessions enable students to reflect upon the empirical research ideas and concepts introduced throughout the study programme across all units and to discuss, with academic staff field specialists how this prior research may inform their own research project. The module will also provide the opportunity to gain competence in the navigation and use of platforms and secondary data sources such as Bloomberg, Capital IQ etc. and in acquiring independent study skills under guidance of an assigned supervisor.
This will be achieved by introducing advanced theoretical advancements, guided critical research, and analysis.
The lectures will provide a foundation for independent learning, promoting the attainment of all learning outcomes. The workshops will involve students in formative problem-solving activities and discussions, addressing all learning outcomes. The teaching will be delivered through 2-hour weekly workshops.
You'll developing fluency applying software and choosing and implementing appropriate models.
This module equips you with the versatile technical skills needed to uncover trends and patterns.
Lectures provide students with key concepts and essential information to support independent learning. Seminars incorporate formative assessment, supporting independent study and summative assessment, with particular emphasis on preparing students the final research report. Students taking this module achieve the following graduate Hallmarks: have a critical and reflective knowledge and understanding of their subject, with both the ability and readiness to question its principles, practices and boundaries; think independently, analytically and creatively, and engage imaginatively with new areas of investigation within and across discipline boundaries; be able to synthesise new and existing knowledge to generate ideas and develop creative solutions of benefit to the economy and society; be intellectually curious, embrace challenges and seize opportunities for development; be able to locate, access and critically engage with information, using current and emerging digital technologies. This module contributes towards a degree accredited by the Chartered Institute for Securities and Investment.
Lectures introduce key concepts and research findings to support independent learning. Seminars engage in problem-based learning and discussion offer opportunities for formative assessment. Students taking this module achieve the following graduate Hallmarks: Think independently, analytically and creatively, and engage imaginatively with new areas of investigation within and across discipline boundaries. This module contributes towards a degree accredited by the Chartered Institute for Securities and Investment.
Lectures introduce key concepts and research findings to support independent learning. Seminars engage in problem-based learning and discussion offer opportunities for formative assessment. Students taking this module achieve the following graduate Hallmarks: Think independently, analytically and creatively, and engage imaginatively with new areas of investigation within and across discipline boundaries. This module contributes towards a degree accredited by the Chartered Institute for Securities and Investment.
It is delivered via a combination of lectures, supervised computer workshops, and structured opportunities for independent learning. Lectures provide students with key concepts and essential information to support independent learning. Workshops develop competence with econometric software through formative assessment, supporting independent study and summative assessment.
Students taking this module achieve the following graduate Hallmarks: a critical and reflective knowledge and understanding of their subject, with both the ability and readiness to question its principles, practices and boundaries; think independently, analytically and creatively, and engage imaginatively with new areas of investigation within and across discipline boundaries; be able to synthesise new and existing knowledge to generate ideas and develop creative solutions of benefit to the economy and society; be intellectually curious, embrace challenges and seize opportunities for development; be able to locate, access and critically engage with information, using current and emerging digital technologies.
This module contributes towards a degree accredited by the Chartered Institute for Securities and Investment
The aim of the course is to present a reasonable and comprehensive review of ideas currently used in theoretical work and in the analysis and use of derivative instruments. It begins with a review of forward and futures markets, followed by discussion on stock index futures and the functioning of options markets. Other topics include option pricing models and interest rate and currency swaps. Lectures provide students with key concepts and essential information to support independent learning. Seminars incorporate formative training exercises, discussions, and analyses.
Students taking this module achieve the following graduate Hallmarks: Have a critical and reflective knowledge and understanding of their subject, with both the ability and readiness to question its principles, practices and boundaries; think independently, analytically and creatively, and engage imaginatively with new areas of investigation within and across discipline boundaries; be able to synthesise new and existing knowledge to generate ideas and develop creative solutions of benefit to the economy and society; be intellectually curious, embrace challenges and seize opportunities for development; be able to locate, access and critically engage with information, using current and emerging digital technologies; be informed citizens, with a sense of responsibility allied to a commitment to ethical practice and social justice issues, such as equality, respect and sustainability.
This module contributes towards a degree accredited by the Chartered Institute for Securities and Investment.
Evaluating theoretical frameworks alongside historical trends, you'll develop the ability to assess performance and policies.
You'll formulate an original argument adhering to academic conventions, learning to engage in professional policy discussions with analytical rigor and practical wisdom.
Optional modules
The ultimate objective of this module is to introduce students to data concepts, ethics, analytics, governance, and management. The students will learn how to collect, clean, organise, and handle massive amounts of data and how to ensure the data security and reliability. The module will introduce students to the world of Big Data and the main theories in data science, which will help to cope with the modern employment requirements.
In a period characterised by rapid technological advancements and digital transformation, this module equips students with the knowledge and critical thinking skills necessary to navigate the complex digital landscape, address societal challenges, and shape effective policies.
The module offers macro perspectives on the digital economy and the implications of the ongoing digital transformation for national and global economies. In an era where digital advancements are reshaping the socio-economic landscape, and big tech firms are assuming significant positions not just within the industry but also in terms of influencing the pace and direction of national markets and international business, comprehending today's world necessitates a deep dive into the transformative effects of the digital economy.
This module seeks to equip students with the essential skills and knowledge to undertake this exploration.
Fintech has become a disrupting force and at the same time an incentive for traditional organisations and institutions to develop digital transformation strategies and adopt Fintech business applications such as blockchain, smart contracts, and crypto exchange to maintain their existence. In the backdrop of this rapidly evolving context, this modules aims to introduce students to the concepts and principles related to digital disruption in the financial services sector, its micro sources and how it has started to change the nature of financial firms, and how this has in turn affected the very nature and structure of the financial services sector. The module will equip students to understand micro perspectives on how businesses/firms in the financial industry can adopt digital transformation strategies and apply Fintech tools to become digitally mature.
Part-time
Core modules
Students are introduced to key concepts and issues in conceptualising, designing, conducting and communicating research in the general fields of accounting, economics and finance and their sub-fields like financial technology, digital economy etc., informed by best practices across the subject disciplines. The module provides opportunities for students to engage with the practical application of research techniques and the chance to discuss research issues and ideas in an incubator type environment. The teaching sessions enable students to reflect upon the empirical research ideas and concepts introduced throughout the study programme across all units and to discuss, with academic staff field specialists how this prior research may inform their own research project. The module will also provide the opportunity to gain competence in the navigation and use of platforms and secondary data sources such as Bloomberg, Capital IQ etc. and in acquiring independent study skills under guidance of an assigned supervisor.
This will be achieved by introducing advanced theoretical advancements, guided critical research, and analysis.
The lectures will provide a foundation for independent learning, promoting the attainment of all learning outcomes. The workshops will involve students in formative problem-solving activities and discussions, addressing all learning outcomes. The teaching will be delivered through 2-hour weekly workshops.
You'll developing fluency applying software and choosing and implementing appropriate models.
This module equips you with the versatile technical skills needed to uncover trends and patterns.
It is delivered via a combination of lectures, supervised computer workshops, and structured opportunities for independent learning. Lectures provide students with key concepts and essential information to support independent learning. Workshops develop competence with econometric software through formative assessment, supporting independent study and summative assessment.
Students taking this module achieve the following graduate Hallmarks: a critical and reflective knowledge and understanding of their subject, with both the ability and readiness to question its principles, practices and boundaries; think independently, analytically and creatively, and engage imaginatively with new areas of investigation within and across discipline boundaries; be able to synthesise new and existing knowledge to generate ideas and develop creative solutions of benefit to the economy and society; be intellectually curious, embrace challenges and seize opportunities for development; be able to locate, access and critically engage with information, using current and emerging digital technologies.
This module contributes towards a degree accredited by the Chartered Institute for Securities and Investment
The aim of the course is to present a reasonable and comprehensive review of ideas currently used in theoretical work and in the analysis and use of derivative instruments. It begins with a review of forward and futures markets, followed by discussion on stock index futures and the functioning of options markets. Other topics include option pricing models and interest rate and currency swaps. Lectures provide students with key concepts and essential information to support independent learning. Seminars incorporate formative training exercises, discussions, and analyses.
Students taking this module achieve the following graduate Hallmarks: Have a critical and reflective knowledge and understanding of their subject, with both the ability and readiness to question its principles, practices and boundaries; think independently, analytically and creatively, and engage imaginatively with new areas of investigation within and across discipline boundaries; be able to synthesise new and existing knowledge to generate ideas and develop creative solutions of benefit to the economy and society; be intellectually curious, embrace challenges and seize opportunities for development; be able to locate, access and critically engage with information, using current and emerging digital technologies; be informed citizens, with a sense of responsibility allied to a commitment to ethical practice and social justice issues, such as equality, respect and sustainability.
This module contributes towards a degree accredited by the Chartered Institute for Securities and Investment.
Optional modules
The ultimate objective of this module is to introduce students to data concepts, ethics, analytics, governance, and management. The students will learn how to collect, clean, organise, and handle massive amounts of data and how to ensure the data security and reliability. The module will introduce students to the world of Big Data and the main theories in data science, which will help to cope with the modern employment requirements.
In a period characterised by rapid technological advancements and digital transformation, this module equips students with the knowledge and critical thinking skills necessary to navigate the complex digital landscape, address societal challenges, and shape effective policies.
The module offers macro perspectives on the digital economy and the implications of the ongoing digital transformation for national and global economies. In an era where digital advancements are reshaping the socio-economic landscape, and big tech firms are assuming significant positions not just within the industry but also in terms of influencing the pace and direction of national markets and international business, comprehending today's world necessitates a deep dive into the transformative effects of the digital economy.
This module seeks to equip students with the essential skills and knowledge to undertake this exploration.
Fintech has become a disrupting force and at the same time an incentive for traditional organisations and institutions to develop digital transformation strategies and adopt Fintech business applications such as blockchain, smart contracts, and crypto exchange to maintain their existence. In the backdrop of this rapidly evolving context, this modules aims to introduce students to the concepts and principles related to digital disruption in the financial services sector, its micro sources and how it has started to change the nature of financial firms, and how this has in turn affected the very nature and structure of the financial services sector. The module will equip students to understand micro perspectives on how businesses/firms in the financial industry can adopt digital transformation strategies and apply Fintech tools to become digitally mature.
Core modules
Students are introduced to key concepts and issues in conceptualising, designing, conducting and communicating research in the general fields of accounting, economics and finance and their sub-fields like financial technology, digital economy etc., informed by best practices across the subject disciplines. The module provides opportunities for students to engage with the practical application of research techniques and the chance to discuss research issues and ideas in an incubator type environment. The teaching sessions enable students to reflect upon the empirical research ideas and concepts introduced throughout the study programme across all units and to discuss, with academic staff field specialists how this prior research may inform their own research project. The module will also provide the opportunity to gain competence in the navigation and use of platforms and secondary data sources such as Bloomberg, Capital IQ etc. and in acquiring independent study skills under guidance of an assigned supervisor.
Lectures provide students with key concepts and essential information to support independent learning. Seminars incorporate formative assessment, supporting independent study and summative assessment, with particular emphasis on preparing students the final research report. Students taking this module achieve the following graduate Hallmarks: have a critical and reflective knowledge and understanding of their subject, with both the ability and readiness to question its principles, practices and boundaries; think independently, analytically and creatively, and engage imaginatively with new areas of investigation within and across discipline boundaries; be able to synthesise new and existing knowledge to generate ideas and develop creative solutions of benefit to the economy and society; be intellectually curious, embrace challenges and seize opportunities for development; be able to locate, access and critically engage with information, using current and emerging digital technologies. This module contributes towards a degree accredited by the Chartered Institute for Securities and Investment.
Lectures introduce key concepts and research findings to support independent learning. Seminars engage in problem-based learning and discussion offer opportunities for formative assessment. Students taking this module achieve the following graduate Hallmarks: Think independently, analytically and creatively, and engage imaginatively with new areas of investigation within and across discipline boundaries. This module contributes towards a degree accredited by the Chartered Institute for Securities and Investment.
Lectures introduce key concepts and research findings to support independent learning. Seminars engage in problem-based learning and discussion offer opportunities for formative assessment. Students taking this module achieve the following graduate Hallmarks: Think independently, analytically and creatively, and engage imaginatively with new areas of investigation within and across discipline boundaries. This module contributes towards a degree accredited by the Chartered Institute for Securities and Investment.
Evaluating theoretical frameworks alongside historical trends, you'll develop the ability to assess performance and policies.
You'll formulate an original argument adhering to academic conventions, learning to engage in professional policy discussions with analytical rigor and practical wisdom.
Changes to course content
We use the best and most current research and professional practice alongside feedback from our students to make sure course content is relevant to your future career or further studies.
Therefore, some course content may change over time to reflect changes in the discipline or industry and some optional modules may not run every year. If a module doesn't run, we'll let you know as soon as possible and help you choose an alternative module.
Facilities and specialist equipment
Bloomberg Suite
Access data from the world's global financial markets, gain experience using industry standard software and have the option to earn your Bloomberg certificate with training and an online exam, paid for by the University.
How you'll spend your time
We recognise that you'll probably be juggling more demands when you do your Master's degree, as you may be working or you may have family responsibilities.
We'll give you as much indication here as we can of how much time you'll need to be on campus and how many hours you can expect to spend in self-directed study, but please note that these indications are always subject to change. You should receive your full timetable several weeks before you start with us.
It is our expectation that all international students will join us here on campus in Portsmouth.
Course structure
This Master's degree will take:
- 1 year (full-time study)
- 2 years (part-time study)
Full-time study
You can expect:
- 8 hours of teaching time every week (lecture, seminar or workshop).
- 24–30 hours of independent study each week.
In the last 3 months of the course you'll be focusing on your dissertation.
Part-time study
You can expect:
- 4 hours of teaching time every week (lecture, seminar or workshop).
- 12–15 hours of independent study each week.
In the last 3 months of the course you'll be focusing on your dissertation.
Teaching
Master's study is deeper and more specialised than an undergraduate degree. This means you'll focus on something that really matters to you and your career as you work closely with academics committed to the subject.
You'll spend more time in independent study and research than you did for your undergraduate degree, but the majority of your teaching time will be in-person and face-to-face.
Teaching methods on this course include:
- lectures
- seminars
- tutorials
- student presentations
- in-class exercises
- practical sessions using the Bloomberg Suite
How you're assessed
You'll be assessed through:
- essays
- examinations
- reports
- presentations
Full details of assessment can be found in the modules in the 'What you'll study' section.
You’ll be able to test your skills and knowledge informally before you do assessments that count towards your final mark.
You can get feedback on all practice and formal assessments so you can improve in the future.
Teaching staff
These are some of the expert staff who'll teach you on this course:
Professor Shabbar Jaffry
Term dates
September start
The Master's academic year runs from September to the following September. There are breaks at Christmas and Easter. Over the summer you'll be writing your project/dissertation.
Career development
Careers this Master’s prepares you for
This comprehensive degree prepares you for a range of careers, giving you the knowledge, technical ability and networking opportunities that allow you the freedom to consider your career options as you study.
You could go on to work in the finance and banking sectors, business and commerce, industry, or the public sector. You'll be taught the methods, processes and technologies used by real-world industry experts.
Graduates of this course have gone onto roles such as:
- Account Manager
- Financial Analyst
- Trader in financial assets
- Purchasing and Acquisitions Officer
- Commercial, Industrial or Public Sector Manager
Career outcomes shown are sourced from the latest available graduate outcome surveys. The data shows career outcomes at 15 months after graduation.
Read Toni's storyStudents are not only taught academically, but also trained for a future career.
I am better prepared for the start of a new career.
Career planning
During your course you'll have expert career support from our Careers and Employability Centre, your tutors and our Business and Law Career-Ready Programme. This support will continue for 5 years after you graduate.
Career support
You'll benefit from:
- Networking events
- Regular emails from the Career Ready Programme sharing job opportunities, application tips and events
- Applied projects with companies such as IBM, Boeing and Hampshire County Council
- Workshops to enhance your employability skills
- Recruitment events including the Student and Graduate Opportunities Fair
- 1-to-1 appointments
- CV and cover letter advice
- Interview preparation and practice
- Support starting your own business
Supporting you
Master's study is more focused on independent learning than undergraduate study, but you'll get lots of support via video, phone and face-to-face from teaching and support staff to enhance your learning experience and help you succeed. You can build your personalised network of support from the following people and services:
Types of support
Your personal tutor helps you make the transition to postgraduate study and gives you academic and personal support throughout your course.
As well as regular scheduled meetings with your personal tutor, they're also available at set times during the week if you want to chat with them about anything that can't wait until your next meeting.
You'll have help from a team of faculty learning support tutors. They can help you improve and develop your academic skills and support you in any area of your study.
They can help with:
- improving your academic writing (for example, essays, reports, dissertations)
- understanding and using assignment feedback
- managing your time and workload
- revision and exam techniques
All our labs and practical spaces are staffed by qualified laboratory support staff. They’ll support you in scheduled lab sessions and can give you one-to-one help when you do practical research projects.
During term time, Faculty Academic Skills Tutors (AST) are available for bookable 1-to-1 sessions, small group sessions and online sessions. These sessions are tailored to your needs.
Support is available for skills including:
- University study
- Getting into the right study mindset
- Note-taking and note-making skills
- Referencing
- Presentation skills
- Time management, planning, and goal setting
- Critical thinking
- Avoiding plagiarism
If you have a disability or need extra support, the Additional Support and Disability Centre (ASDAC) will give you help, support and advice.
Our online Learning Well mini-course will help you plan for managing the challenges of learning and student life, so you can fulfil your potential and have a great student experience.
You can get personal, emotional and mental health support from our Student Wellbeing Service, in person and online. This includes 1–2–1 support as well as courses and workshops that help you better manage stress, anxiety or depression.
If you require extra support because of a disability or additional learning need our specialist team can help you.
They'll help you to
- discuss and agree on reasonable adjustments
- liaise with other University services and facilities, such as the library
- access specialist study skills and strategies tutors, and assistive technology tutors, on a 1-to-1 basis or in groups
- liaise with external services
Library staff are available in person or by email, phone, or online chat to help you make the most of the University’s library resources. You can also request one-to-one appointments and get support from a librarian who specialises in your subject area.
The library is open 24 hours a day, every day, in term time.
The Maths Cafe offers advice and assistance with mathematical skills in a friendly, informal environment. You can come to our daily drop-in sessions, develop your mathematics skills at a workshop or use our online resources.
If English isn't your first language, you can do one of our English language courses to improve your written and spoken English language skills before starting your degree. Once you're here, you can take part in our free In-Sessional English (ISE) programme to improve your English further.
Joining us as an international student
You'll feel at home in our international community and our diverse city. You'll be joining over 5,000 international students from more than 150 countries who are studying with us.
Learn more about international student life and how we can help you with visas, applications, arrival and settling in.
Apply
Unlike undergraduate applications, which go through UCAS, applications for this Master's course are made directly to us.
There's no deadline for applications to this course. We accept applications right up until the start date in September, as long as there are places available. If you wait until September to apply, you may find that the course is full.
If you're applying as an international student, remember that you'll need to leave plenty of time to get your visa organised.
You can find more advice about applying in our Master's application checklist. International students and current students and recent graduates of the University of Portsmouth also have some different application options, which are detailed below.
Ready to apply?
I'm a current Portsmouth student, or a recent Portsmouth graduate
If you're currently in your final year of study at Portsmouth, or you graduated since July 2024, you're eligible to make a fast track application. You'll have:
- a shorter application form to complete
- access to the 20% Alumni fee discount
- a guaranteed conditional offer, for most Master's courses
Applying from outside the UK
As an international student you'll apply using the same process as UK students, but you’ll need to consider a few extra things.
You can get an agent to help with your application. Check your country page for details of agents in your region.
Find out what additional information you need in our international students section.
If you don't meet the English language requirements for this course yet, you can achieve the level you need by successfully completing a pre-sessional English programme before you start your course.
After you apply
Once we receive your application, we may ask you for further information. We will then either make you an offer or suggest alternatives if your application is unsuccessful.
You'll usually get a decision within 10 working days, so you shouldn't have to wait too long. Some courses have an interview stage – we'll let you know if you need to prepare for one.
Learn more about how we assess your application.
Admissions terms and conditions
When you accept an offer to study at the University of Portsmouth, you also agree to abide by our Student Contract (which includes the University's relevant policies, rules and regulations). You should read and consider these before you apply.